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Speed cells
Speed cells are present in the medial Entorhinal cortex. They form a part of a larger set of neurons that are involved in cognitive mapping of the surrounding environment. The other neurons are located in the entorhinal cortex or the Hippocampus. They include Place cells, Grid cells, Boundary cell and Head direction cells. Together they form the human GPS system. It is known that the speed cells respond to the speed of the animal's movement and is not dependent on external factors such as visual surroundings.
==Background==
With the discovery of grid cells in 2005 by Mosers, they realised that the grid cells were not alone in deducing the spatial location of the animal. The grid cells used information about direction and speed in order to find the location. The discovery of head direction by James B. Ranck, Jr. located the cells responsible for information on direction of head or heading of animal. The Mosers kept searching for the assumed speed cells and in 2015, were able to prove the presence of such cells in the medial entorhinal cortex.
The speed cells fire in response to variations in speed of the animal. It was also found that unlike place cells, the speed cells are independent of visual cues. Darkness did not influence the firing rate of the animal. Another interesting feature of the cells is that the firing of the cells is better correlated with the future speed of the animal suggesting that the speed of the animal is known in advance by the speed cells.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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